Posts Tagged music theory

Thinking about Intervals

Integer Notation doesn’t reinvent music theory, it just gives a different way to describe the notes. I’ve been thinking lately about how it might clash with other systems using numbers, like the Nashville Number System for chords or the tab system for guitar. Both of these are too useful to discard for a whole new system and maybe it’s too complicated to be using more than one at a time.

But I think as long as it’s clear what system it is at what time, it’s a small mental adjustment to use the same numbers for different things. For example, the names of the intervals. They do not need to change, in fact we can make them clearer by translating the difference between two numbered notes into the traditional names:

unison = 0

minor 2nd = 1 (2-1)

major 2nd = 2

minor 3rd = 3

major 3rd = 4 (3+1)

perfect 4th = 5 (4+1)

tritone = 6 (3 whole tones)

perfect 5th = 7 (5+2)

minor 6th = 8 (6+2)

major 6th = 9 (6+3)

minor 7th = 10 (7+3)

major 7th = 11 (7+4)

octave = 0 (12 = 8+4)

Man do I hate how WordPress works anymore. Can’t make a simple list? Well that’s my one idea for now.

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Music Might Require Some Math

In my most recent and more catchily-entitled post on numerical notation, I made the earth-shattering claim that a thing is not another thing. Now, let’s take things a step forward into what should be even more obvious territory, but remember, this is for musicians who are often really, really dumb. I believe—I must believe—that we, as a people, can become less dumb. Has traditional music notation made us dumb? Maybe?

Since starting this project, I’ve actually gained respect for traditional notation. It does have its own internal logic and it’s not that I’ve hated it all this time, I just wish I was better with it. It’s very much like religion. If you can come to accept a few made-up things out of nowhere as unshakeable facts, you can build a whole system around that which makes a kind of sense. If the alternative is total chaos, why not go with something that works. Make it a tradition, and after a few hundred years, no one even knows how to question it. It’s just the way things are.

Except…that is dumb. And just as it’s important to question established intuitions and practices, it’s important to question yourself; your blog postings. Where are they going? Wasn’t this sort of sprawling nonsense supposed to be avoided? Was it? Is it nonsense? I think it’s getting there. Almost there. OK then.

It’s more like “Music Works Better With Math” or “Music Is Easier with Math” but neither of these is good a title. It’s just not believable and it doesn’t give me room for an introductory segue that isn’t trying to convince you that math is fun. It is not.

“Music Might Require Math” is literally true in regards to soundwave frequencies, no matter what notation system you use, especially when you record. I’m gonna try to build on that basic truth, even tho for the playing musician, it’s more something that’s good to know than necessary. Like learning word origins isn’t necessary to communicate in a language, or learning programming isn’t necessary to write a blog. Here’s a video to break things up:

(Incidentally I use basic knowledge of ratios and html to alter the embed code to fit on the page better. It is not important for you to know this, but it is something that is possible to do.)

I recommend the books Understanding Records, How Music Works, and the lecture series How Music and Mathematics Relate from The Great Courses. (Wait for it to be on sale maybe. You can get the d/l cheaper.)

But I have a more practical application that only involves simple addition and subtraction. During the process of explaining the system, I’ve found out it is not that unique (or popular). This would be a good point for a normal person to stop spending time on an idea that basically already exists and that hardly anyone uses. So I put even more time into it because I felt there was still something else to it. There is another idea here.

It involves using the 7-string as the basic teaching instrument. (They are quite affordable now. ESP makes a decent one.)

Now, there’s two types of people that learn music, and this can appeal to both. There’s the analytical person and they tend to start learning on the piano and they can just learn the Circle of Fifths and all that and it just makes sense, they just internalize it, they are probably good at higher maths, in fact they probably just got into music (through parental pressure or not) as a kind of mind hack or way to be more well-rounded or interesting before they enter the relatively boring but highly-paid “real job” field. And then there’s the intuitive people, who pick whatever instrument seems cool to them and have to learn the rules (if they bother) through brute force repetition.

I don’t know if I need to tell you but I am the second kind. I spent most of my time learning music on the alto sax, which is in the key of E♭. I also played clarinet and soprano sax at some point which are in B♭. Altho I can tell you this, the entire time I played those instruments I would have a really hard time telling what concert note I was playing at any given time. I just took the whole transposition thing on faith. Really only figured out this easy way recently.

The alto sax sounds a major sixth lower than written (which I have to look up every time). In traditional notation, it’s an important distinction that it is transposing to a lower note. But if we throw out octaves, the difference is three units of measure (half-steps) higher:

written notes:
C D E F G A B C
3 5 7 8 10 0 2 3

sounded notes:
E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C D E♭
6 8 10 11 1 3 5 6

…and you just know it is the lower octave because it sounds lower. You could subtract the major sixth (9 units) with the same result of course. But I would leave that to the analytical people. I hope that this could possibly make music more of a creative option for them rather than a skill to master. Nobody learns Latin so they write poems in Latin, right? I’ve compared music to language, but really it’s a language that you can only write poems in. Using letters is a kind of pretension. It’s not a real language that conveys complex thoughts and facts. This is something that can be put onto the music (as lyrics, or titles), but it’s not really there in the notes themselves. Most of these people just learn the music of others, like you’d memorize a poem in a target language. But what if music is more like your native language of math?

The intuitive people have to be skeptical at this point and have probably not even gotten this far but now that the poseurs are gone, I can tell you The Real Shit.

Why a 7-string guitar?

Because when you tune it to major 3rds, the top strings are 2 octaves apart, just like a standard tuned guitar, but all the strings are an even interval apart. (Actually I first used this tuning on a 4-string bass. The important thing is to break the idea of sharps and flats inherent in learning on a keyboard, but it’s a lot easier to play chords on guitar. And maybe it makes people mad? Some people are still mad at the 7-string. It’s not so much a gimmick, but it gets their attention.)

Ok, here’s the tuning for the 7-string, right:

4 8 0 4 8 0 4

I came up with this at first just so I had at least a pair of zeros. Tuning the bottom string to A (from B) is not that low a tuning, but going by thirds, the top strings are way too floppy. Tuning the B string to F (in either direction) is obviously not an option. So I tuned the first two strings up, left the A string and tuned the rest down. (I’d like to maybe get custom strings for this at point, but it works well enough with the stock strings.) C#/D♭ (4) is not really the ideal lowest note. Would be better to go to C, yeah? Except it feels kinda right to me. So I get analytical on it. Turns out that Concert 4 is the lowest note on the alto, which I still think of as B♭. It’s just the way it worked out. But if you wanna get weird about it, it’s an option. Also the lowest note on the soprano is A♭/G# (11). Not planned, but maybe it’s subconscious. Personally I believe in coincidence and don’t trust anyone who doesn’t. But weird things happen. %

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A New Kind of Numerical Notation

Important development in the comments section of the last post of the Numerical Notation category. In fact it was the not only the most recent post, but the final post before changing the name of the category, which is now: A

I’ve tried to make it look nice and unambiguous, but it can be commonly known as “A0 Notation”, pronounced “A-Zero” or if you prefer, “A-Oh”.

As suspected, there is already an almost identical system. It is called Integer Notation. Very easy to search for if you know what it is called, and also supposedly easy to find if you’re stumbling around music theory wikis so that’s slightly embarrassing. It is also used in the John Woo film Hard Boiled which is even more annoying to me because I have to admit I hadn’t seen it before a few days ago:
hardboiled00

Chow Yun-Fat and the lovely Teresa Mo crack the code

hardboiled01
I first figured this was something unrelated made up for the movie, a trivial point. But no, it’s really standard Integer Notation. [Ed: Not quite, there’s no zero. It’s using the numbers 1-7 for the diatonic scale, regardless of key.]* The above is the melody line for Lionel Ritchie’s Hello, written in C:
hello01
So C=0 or do. C=1. Simple enough. But later in the film Mona Lisa is used, which is in F:
monalisa00
F=1 here. And they’re also using the “movable do” Solfege system. So I don’t have to point out that this form of numerical notation is just a form of that which is easier to input into a DOS computer from the 80s, but I will. Done.

So whadda I got? Mine would be a “fixed do” system where A=0, but it’s 12-tone so forget about the “do” thing. Remember the the charts I made for the saxes in different keys? Probably not but forget those too, gotta make new ones. That system just makes it easier to sight-read staff notation—once you learn the fingerings for one sax, you can play any (theoretically) just pick up any sax and start sight-reading that part, and you just have to not think about how the notes coming out of the horn are totally different. I don’t think my system can replace lettered notation or staff notation entirely but I think it could in a lot of situations, especially learning where you should be internalizing the names of the concert pitch notes regardless of your instrument of choice.

So I’ll just be making some new charts then. %

*Altho it could be considered a ~type~ of "Integer Notation", what's used is the movie actually might be unrelated and just made up for the movie and therefore, in fact, trivial. But it's still a fun example of alternate notation.

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Numerical Notation: A Minor Threat

Minor_Threat_-_Out_of_Step Hoo boy. Year of the Sheep, right? Some people only seem to notice when it’s a “cool” animal like a dragon or a snake. We have a name for these people: DILETTANTES. There’s nothing cool about sheep, except this Minor Threat cover, so get used to seeing that I guess. But wait, it’s the Year of the Ram, isn’t it? Rams are cool. What with the head-butting and…that’s it. It’s enough. Give rams a chance. Or goats, who cares.

But I’m not here to review Minor Threat. Or talk about astrology. I’ve listened to enough Minor Threat for a lifetime (since I bought the Complete Discography on CD, in 2006) and it’s unlikely to make it back in rotation, unlike the Chinese Zodiac which repeats every twelve years…of course.

Forget all this happened.

Shit, that’s still the title isn’t it. Look, I’m gonna explain.

I’ve made a system of numerical notation. I call it Numerical Notation. The notes of the chromatic scale are given the number 0-11, starting with A.

In this system, if you care about the Modes (which you should, if you care about why there is a lettered system) the Aeolian mode, or A Minor, is the base scale, not C Major(the Ionian). It’s debatable that A Minor was historically, originally the more important. I think it sounds better. That’s not important. The important thing is to make this a non-vague point. Because I have noticed some other examples using notes for numbers starting with C as 0. I even said in earlier posts that you might as well do this if it makes more sense, but it doesn’t, in the big picture, and I’m gonna make the case that this is not some kind of arbitrary nerd bullshit dicking-around.

Here we are then with example one:

The sharp/flat system has been primarily designed for use in the major/minor system; when speaking modally, it’s a lotta look, to quote a famous fashion designer. All the flats and sharps tend to obscure the simplicity […] We need a different system of talking about melody. If C is assigned the number 0, C# the number 1, all the way up to B = 11, we can study the system numerically, and also universally, as any tonic can be assumed. Zero can just as easily be G#, or E. Also, since the tonic can never change by our definition, it’s not necessary to include it. Here’s an example to show what I’m talking about.

C Mixolydian is C D E F G A Bb C. If we assume that C = 0, and continue from there, then C Mixolydian can also be described as 0 2 4 5 7 9 10 12.

This post is excellent and you should read the whole thing. I should read the whole thing. The point is that here is someone making essentially the same point as me, naming the notes 0-11 (12=0), but starting with C. (Note that is doesn’t predate my initial posts.) Not saying he stole it, but I also said it was an “open source” idea, which is a pretty dumb way to talk because it is not a computer program. But I guess that can be interpreted as “feel free to steal this idea”. I was drinking a lot at the time. It’s not like you can patent this kind of thing anyway.

But let’s run with the open source concept and say he explained the idea better. I’m gonna bring it back around and explain why it’s easier for everyone if A=0.

But first(second), example two:

0-11_terpstravid

This is from a video that goes on to explain a new type of keyboard layout for an experimental instrument called a Terpestra. Now this is the kind of thing you can patent and even sell. Good luck to him. Again, not saying he stole the idea. Even if he did, can you really expect drop-in citations in a video like this? It’s not relevant who came up with each idea in this kind of presentation. It’s also kind of an obvious idea once it’s out there. Not as obvious as starting with 1 tho.

But it’s about to get even more obvious. Check this out:

A a# B C c# D d# E F f# G g#

 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

C c# D d# E F f# G g# A a# B

Which one of these makes more sense? You might still pick C if you are already trained in music, but how would you explain that to a student? The letters and numbers should be going in the same direction. It’s intuitive.

If you never start, you can never branch out into other things, like the higher concepts these other guys are talking about and the simplest way is the best way to start.

So while you are thinking about all this, here’s a video of GWAR covering the Pet Shop Boys:

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Numerical Notation and the 3rds Tuning for 7-String Guitar

I’m unfortunately averaging a post a month at the moment as I’ve had to prioritize finding more gainful employment (29 hrs/wk @ min. wage would do it), also Japanese class, which I could see myself teaching. But what about music? Never even considered teaching music. And yet I’m kinda doing it. For free. Oops. Well, you’ve gotta start somewhere.

But there’s not much of a market for a completely ground-level reinvention of musical notation. It just seems crazy. However, inventing this system has allowed me to teach myself how to explain regular music to myself, which really is crazy…..IS. IT. SO. “CRAZY”? Not really it’s all pretty boring, I’m just trying to be dramatic to keep your interest. You can give up now. It’s not interesting. It’s pretty dumb. But let me ask you a question: how do you feel about sleep? I’m ambivalent about the whole thing. I mean after work, looking for more work, and the occasional video game, sleep can really put a dent in the ol’ blog schedule.

Where was I? Oh right, proving the inferiority of an unjustly ingrained, non-intuitive note naming system. Here ya go:

I’ve been thinking about getting a 7-string for a while and using the 3rds tuning on it. The extra string not on;y offsets the loss of range with the tuning, it creates a something perfectly even and symmetrical. Which is just nice, it’s got nothing to do with anything. It’s just that with traditional 4ths tuning, to get the top string and bottom string 2 octaves apart, you throw in that 3rd. And that does make some chords easier to play, but it’s always bugged me. It’s tricky to name the notes in any particular chord right off the top of your head. (Which is real easy on the piano.) Playing the chords and scales is almost all about memorization, which is why so few guitarists use alternate tunings, even when the instrument is so easy to tune and retune to almost anything. The proof is right above. I did not do this on purpose, but I just wrote out this chart real quick, and I did it to show other guitarists so I’m using regular letter notes, and “steps”. Several guitarists (and one professional cellist!) saw the post and liked it with no comment. Later I noticed the number of steps I’m saying to move up or down is wrong in multiple places. This is because it’s not a standard number of steps that neither I or most guitarists have memorized.

Most common example is taking the E string a step down to a Dropped D tuning. But taking E up to F is only a half step. Because there is no E#. (There is, E#=F.) Likewise for B#. This should of course also be memorized to the point of not having to think about at all. But that’s not the same thing as an intuitive system. It’s the illusion of one. Create an unusual case that never comes up and even pros (even proams on the internet, who live to point out mistakes like this) can be fooled at first glance. (Which is the only glance most things on the internet get anymore.)

Instead, numerically:

Standard 7-string tuning (low to high):

2 7 0 5 2 7

3rds tuning starting on A:

0 4 8 0 4 8 0

3rds tuning starting on C#/Db:

4 8 0 4 8 0 4

You can immediately see the number of half steps you need to move then without barely even thinking about it and get some goddamn sleep already. %

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